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====== Fail2Ban ======

> Fail2ban scans log files (e.g. /var/log/apache/error_log) and bans IPs that show the malicious signs -- too many password failures, seeking for exploits, etc.

[[http://www.fail2ban.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page|Fail2Ban]]是一个通过扫描日志文件ban恶意ip的软件，推荐在你所有管理的主机上都安装一个。

===== Install =====

Ubuntu/debian:

<code>
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fail2ban
sudo service fail2ban start
</code>

Centos7:

<code>
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install fail2ban
sudo systemctl enable fail2ban
sudo systemctl start fail2ban
</code>

安装''pyinotify''以提升程序效率：

<code>
sudo yum install python-inotify         // centos

sudo apt-get install python-pyinotify     // ubuntu/debian
</code>

===== Configuration =====

''/etc/fail2ban/fail2ban.conf''是程序的各种基本配置，例如socket和log文件的路径；
''/etc/fail2ban/jail.conf''为具体的各种ban ip规则

Fail2Ban依照以下顺序读取jail规则，后面的配置会覆盖前面的配置：

  - ''/etc/fail2ban/jail.conf''
  - ''/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/*.conf''
  - ''/etc/fail2ban/jail.local''
  - ''/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/*.local''

如果想override掉默认的配置，建议先将此文件先复制一份放到''jail.local''，然后编辑''jail.local''，这样软件包更新时配置就不会被覆盖掉：

<code>
sudo cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.{conf,local}
</code>

一般来说启用''sshd''的保护即可，其他按需求启用：

<code>
# /etc/fail2ban/jail.local

[DEFAULT]
# Ban hosts for one hour:
bantime = 3600
usedns = no

ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.0.0/24

[sshd]
enabled = true
</code>

可以使用以下命令查看当前的''Fail2Ban''状态：

<code>
sudo fail2ban-client status
sudo fail2ban-client status ssh
</code>

===== Usage =====

==== Check fail2ban status ====

  fail2ban-client status
  fail2ban-client status [jail-name]

==== Unban ip ====

  fail2ban-client set [jail-name] unbanip [ip]

==== Test filter rule ====

  fail2ban-regex 'string' /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/rule.conf
  fail2ban-regex /path/to/access.log /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/rule.conf

===== Ban ip by specified nginx rule =====

新增规则限制 ''nginx'' 某个接口访问（例如短信），避免被恶意使用

<code ini>
[nginx-sms]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = nginx-sms
logpath = /path/to/access.log
maxtry = 9
findtime = 86400
bantime  = 21600
</code>

<code init /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-sms.conf>
[Definition]
failregex = ^<HOST> - - .* \"POST /path/to HTTP/1.1\" .*$
ignoreregex = 
</code>

====== Reference ======

  * [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-protect-ssh-with-fail2ban-on-ubuntu-14-04|How To Protect SSH with Fail2Ban on Ubuntu 14.04]]
  * [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-protect-ssh-with-fail2ban-on-centos-7|How To Protect SSH With Fail2Ban on CentOS 7]]
  * [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-protect-an-nginx-server-with-fail2ban-on-ubuntu-14-04|How To Protect an Nginx Server with Fail2Ban on Ubuntu 14.04]]